Authors

Generative AI tools may be used for limited assistance, such as language editing or organizing ideas. They must not replace scholarly judgment, generate or fabricate research data, or be cited as authors. Authors are responsible for checking factual accuracy, citations, originality, and any generated text, code, images, or analysis.

Disclose substantive use of generative AI in the cover letter and in the manuscript methods or acknowledgements. Identify the tool and explain how it was used. Routine spelling and grammar correction does not require disclosure.

Editors and reviewers

Editors and reviewers must protect confidential submissions and peer-review materials. Do not upload unpublished manuscripts, review reports, or identifying information to public AI services. Editorial decisions and peer-review judgments must remain the responsibility of human editors and reviewers.

The journal may request clarification about AI use and may take action if disclosure is incomplete or content cannot be verified.