Karbon dari Bahan Alam sebagai Adsorben Ramah Lingkungan: Potensi, Tantangan, dan Aplikasinya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38043/natapalemahan.v2i1.6577Keywords:
karbon dari bahan alam, adsorpsi, biomassa, pengolahan air limbah, teknologi hijauAbstract
Karbon dari bahan alam muncul sebagai solusi berkelanjutan untuk mengatasi berbagai jenis polutan dalam air dan udara. Tulisan ini mengulas berbagai aspek penting dari karbon dari bahan alam, mulai dari sumber bahan baku seperti limbah pertanian dan industri pangan, proses pembuatan melalui karbonisasi dan aktivasi, hingga fungsionalisasi untuk meningkatkan afinitas terhadap polutan spesifik. Berbagai aplikasi juga dibahas, termasuk penanganan logam berat, senyawa organik, zat warna sintetis, serta polutan baru seperti obat-obatan dan pestisida. Studi kasus menunjukkan adsorben ini sangat efektif dalam mengolah air limbah industri dan domestik. Namun, implementasi secara luas menghadapi tantangan seperti variabilitas bahan baku, kebutuhan proses aktivasi yang efisien, dan keterbatasan infrastruktur. Dengan pendekatan teknologi hibrida, desentralisasi produksi, dan integrasi dalam ekonomi sirkular, karbon dari bahan alam memiliki potensi besar sebagai alternatif karbon aktif konvensional. Tinjauan ini juga membahas pentingnya penelitian lanjutan dan kebijakan pendukung untuk mendorong pemanfaatan karbon alami sebagai adsorben ramah lingkungan di berbagai skala aplikasi.
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