Jurnal Ilmiah Telsinas Elektro, Sipil dan Teknik Informasi

Selection of Scaffolding Materials Using AHP: Case Study of Puspem Gianyar

Made Sudiarsa, I Made Anom Santiana, I Gede Sastra Wibawa — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The selection of scaffolding materials is a multi-criteria decision problem because safety, technical performance, cost, time, and operational considerations may lead to different preferences. This study evaluates wood, steel, and aluminum scaffolding for reinforced-concrete works in Building A of the Gianyar Government Center (Puspem Gianyar). A mixed-method design was applied using field observation, structured interviews, project documents, and pairwise-comparison questionnaires completed by 30 construction practitioners and experts. Respondents were selected purposively, and individual judgments were aggregated using the geometric mean before being processed with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The revised reciprocal criteria matrix produced occupational safety as the highest-priority criterion (35.86%), followed by technical performance (27.09%), time (17.22%), cost (11.30%), and operational convenience (8.53%). The criteria matrix had a consistency ratio of 2.90%, while the sub-criteria matrices had a consistency ratio of 0.79%, both below the 10% acceptance threshold. After synthesizing criterion, sub-criterion, and alternative priorities, aluminum achieved the highest normalized final priority (41.77%), narrowly exceeding steel (40.88%), while wood obtained 17.35%. Aluminum performed strongly in durability, reuse, maintenance, installation efficiency, dismantling, and transportation, whereas steel remained superior in material strength, rigidity, and structural safety. The narrow difference between aluminum and steel indicates that the final decision remains sensitive to project-specific safety and technical requirements. The model offers a transparent decision-support framework rather than a universal material prescription.

A Model for Improving Occupational Safety and Health Based on Ergonomics in Construction Projects

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Construction workers are frequently exposed to falls, struck-by hazards, manual material handling, awkward postures, repetitive movements, and environmental stressors that may affect occupational safety, health, and productivity. This study integrates occupational safety and health (OSH) risk assessment with ergonomic risk factor evaluation to identify priority controls for building construction work. A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied to selected building projects in Badung, Denpasar, and Tabanan, Bali. Fifty workers and construction personnel were selected using purposive sampling because of their direct involvement in the observed activities. Primary data were collected through field observations, structured interviews, and closed questionnaires, while project records and relevant standards were used as secondary data. Fifty hazards associated with 18 work activities were assessed using modal likelihood and consequence scores. Ergonomic exposures were evaluated using the components of SNI 9011:2021 covering the upper body, back and lower body, and manual load handling. The risk assessment identified 2 low-risk hazards (4%), 14 moderate-risk hazards (28%), and 34 high-risk hazards (68%). The average ergonomic risk factor score by district was 44.89, while the average score by job type was 38.31; all assessed groups exceeded the hazardous threshold. Upper-body exposure was the largest contributor, followed by back/lower-body exposure and manual load handling. Existing controls were dominated by personal protective equipment and were insufficient to address the sources of ergonomic risk. An improvement framework is therefore proposed that prioritizes elimination or substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, task-specific PPE, and periodic reassessment. The findings provide a structured basis for contractors to prioritize ergonomic and OSH interventions, although the proposed controls require post-implementation evaluation in future research.

System Dynamics Modeling for Time and Cost Control in Tukad Badung River Infrastructure

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Water infrastructure construction in dense urban environments like Tukad Badung, Denpasar, faces severe operational uncertainty due to weather anomalies. Nonlinear interactions between rainfall, machinery productivity, and labor performance frequently cause schedule delays and cost overruns. This study develops a system dynamics model for adaptive time and cost control in river flood infrastructure projects. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-method design, qualitative expert interviews were transformed into Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD) and quantitative Stock and Flow Diagrams (SFD). Model validation against historical progress data yielded a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 4.85%, supported by dimensional consistency, extreme-condition, and behavior reproduction tests. Baseline simulations under projected 2026 rainfall indicated a 12-day project delay and a 5.2% cost variance. Policy scenario analysis revealed that the "Scheduled Working Hour Optimization" strategy performed best among tested options, achieving timely completion (SPI = 1.00) with a minimal cost variance of 2.1% (final CPI = 0.98). Conversely, reactive workforce addition caused severe cost overruns of 8.0% (final CPI = 0.92) due to site crowding. System dynamics modeling provides project managers with a robust, proactive framework to mitigate climate-induced operational risks in riverine construction environments.

The Badung River Level Capacity Due to Probable Maximum Flood in Denpasar City

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The runoff coefficient in the Badung river basin changes from 0.57 to 0.71 in 2026, especially due to the conversion of rice fields into residential and commercial areas, as well as the reduction of mangrove forests and green open spaces. These changes have resulted in a significant increase in runoff and flooding in the Badung River. The Probable Maximum Flood calculated in 2000 was 485.82 m³/s, in 2026 it was 764.91 m³/s. Over the past 26 years, the Badung River has experienced a 57.45% increase in the Maximum Probable Flood. The embankment capacity upstream of Hasanuddin Bridge is 503.579 m³/s, while downstream of Hasanuddin Bridge the capacity of the Badung River embankment is 482.174 m³/s. This analysis concludes that flood conditions around Hasanuddin Street are 0.80 m above the average height of the Badung River embankment. Necessary measures in the study area include raising the Badung River embankment by 1.6 meters in flood-affected areas, normalizing the channel slope to 0.009, maintaining the area's flow coefficient at 0.71, and managing and controlling waste in the area. This treatment will increase the capacity of the Badung River in flood-affected areas to 886.360 m³/sec.

Parallel Grounding Effects on Transformer Resistance and Distribution Substation Reliability

Rizki Maulana, Taryo — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The grounding system is an essential component of power installations that provides a low-impedance path for fault currents to flow safely into the earth, thereby protecting personnel and equipment from hazards associated with touch and step voltages. Excessive grounding resistance can reduce the effectiveness of protection systems and increase the risk of disturbances and equipment damage. This study aims to analyse the effect of adding a parallel grounding electrode on the grounding resistance of a 250 kVA distribution transformer at the Customer Service Unit of PT PLN (Persero) Cirebon Kota. The research was conducted through field measurements using a Duoyi DY4 100 Digital Earth Tester and the fall-of-potential (three-point) method. Measurements were performed using a single grounding electrode, followed by the installation of an electrode connected in parallel. Measurements were then conducted under the same conditions to evaluate changes in grounding resistance. The data were analysed by comparing resistance values before and after parallelisation based on PUIL 2011, using a grounding resistance criterion of less than or equal to 5 ohms. The results show that grounding resistance decreased from 2.90 ohms to 0.85 ohms, representing a 70.8 percent reduction. This result demonstrates that parallel grounding reduces resistance and improves the safety and reliability of the transformer grounding system.

A Raspberry Pi Local Server-Based Wearable Device System for Heart Health Monitoring

Alamul iman, Juju Juhaeriyah — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmia and heart failure, remain major causes of death worldwide. Cloud-based ECG monitoring systems may face challenges related to dependence on internet connectivity and data transmission. This study aimed to develop a prototype of a local-network-based wearable ECG monitoring system using a Raspberry Pi as a local server without relying on public internet connectivity. A modified Research and Development (R&D) method was applied through requirements analysis, system design, prototype development, and system evaluation. The system integrated an AD8232 ECG sensor, an ESP8266 microcontroller, and a Raspberry Pi. ECG data were transmitted in real time through a local Wi-Fi network using HTTP over TCP/IP and stored in a MySQL database. BPM measurements were validated against a pulse oximeter using 10 measurements for each of six participants aged 14–87 years, resulting in 60 measurements in total. The system achieved an average accuracy of 97.75% and an average error of 2.25%. The prototype successfully acquired and recorded raw ECG and BPM data, classified heart rate into predefined normal, bradycardia, and tachycardia categories, and provided corresponding LED indicators. The system is intended for ECG and heart-rate monitoring and does not provide clinical diagnosis of cardiac conditions.

SCOR Based Performance Analysis of Supply Chain Management in Construction Projects

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The construction industry heavily relies on highly efficient supply chain management (SCM) to ensure project success, minimize costs, and guarantee timely delivery. This study evaluates the supply chain performance of a construction project at PT. Bingkai Langit Construction, which experienced material procurement constraints. The objective is to measure performance using the SCOR 12.0 framework and formulate improvement strategies. Using a descriptive analysis method, this study evaluates five SCOR indicators: Reliability, Responsiveness, Agility, Cost, and Asset Management. Data were collected through observations and questionnaires from 37 respondents, analyzed using the Frequency Index method, and finalized via a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the strategic management team. The results show an overall "Good" performance score of 76.8%. Individual indicators scored: Reliability (79.73%), Cost (77.70%), Responsiveness (76.13%), Agility (75.45%), and Asset Management (75.00%). To address weaknesses in asset management and agility, priority strategies include implementing Just-In-Time (JIT) delivery for structural materials, optimizing heavy equipment utilization, reducing material waste, and aligning logistics schedules.

Performance of RAP-Based HRS-WC Mixtures Using Natural Rubber as Rejuvenator

I Made Agus Ariawan, Andre Wisnu kusuma, I Nyoman Arya Thanaya — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The growing demand for road pavement materials has encouraged the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a sustainable alternative. However, binder aging in RAP increases mixture stiffness, requiring rejuvenating agents to restore asphalt properties. This study aims to analyze the effect of Natural Rubber (NR) as a rejuvenating agent in RAP-based Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course (HRS-WC) mixtures under unaged, Short-Term Oven Aging (STOA), and Long-Term Oven Aging (LTOA) conditions. The mixtures were designed using the Marshall method in accordance with RSNI M-01-2003, with NR contents of 0%, 5%, and 10% by weight of RAP asphalt. Performance evaluation included stiffness, deformation resistance, and fatigue resistance tests. The results indicate that NR affects the characteristics of RAP-based HRS-WC mixtures. The Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM) decreases with increasing NR content, indicating improved flexibility and elasticity. However, stiffness increases after STOA and LTOA due to binder aging. The 10% NR mixture showed the best deformation resistance, with the lowest creep slope of 0.1284 under STOA. It demonstrated the highest fatigue resistance, achieving 10,311, 2,111, and 611 cycles to failure under unaged, STOA, and LTOA conditions, respectively. These findings demonstrate NR's potential as a rejuvenating agent for improving RAP-based HRS-WC performance and durability.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Micro-Scale Off-Grid Solar Power Plant Using HOMER Software at the Operational Building

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Rising electricity costs and fossil-fuel dependence in government facilities underscore the urgency of transitioning to renewable energy. This study determines the optimal configuration and economic feasibility of a micro-scale off-grid Solar Power Plant at the Operational Building of Balai Teknik Perkeretaapian (BTP) Kelas II Padang, supplied entirely by PLN grid tariff P1 (131,000 VA). A quantitative descriptive method combined five-day load measurement, manual calculation, and HOMER Pro simulation, using NASA POWER solar radiation data (annual average 4.62 kWh/m²/day). Manual calculation yielded 39.68 kW installed panel capacity, 339.97 kWh battery capacity (83 LiFePO4 units), and 80 kW inverter capacity; with a 10% Balance of System (BOS) allowance, Cost of Energy (COE) is IDR 1,429/kWh, 1.1% below the PLN tariff of IDR 1,444.70/kWh. HOMER Pro recommended 45.26 kW installed capacity with identical battery and inverter sizing, yielding COE of IDR 1,494/kWh with BOS, 3.4% above tariff, reversing the hardware-only comparison. Both configurations remain NPV-positive and PI above 1.0 within 25 years, but only the manual configuration is recommended as economically preferred. Sensitivity analysis identifies battery price and service life as the most critical risk factors. This study contributes measured load data with explicit BOS treatment, not previously applied to government railway facilities in Indonesia.

Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management in Toll Road Construction

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Construction projects carry substantial risk of work accidents. This study aims to (1) identify hazards in project activities, (2) assess and rank the associated risks, and (3) determine appropriate risk controls, using Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) combined with Job Safety Analysis (JSA), with Toll Road X as the case study. Of the hazards identified, none were classified as large risk; 10 were classified as medium risk and 12 as small risk. The six highest-risk findings, all medium risk, were: tripping, slipping, and falling during measurement/survey; dust exposure causing eye irritation during soil filling; slipping/falling from height during excavation; being struck by iron/steel bars; cuts from using a Bar Bender; and stepping on debris or metal during spreading. These risks may result in lost working days, permanent or partial disability, moderate environmental damage, material losses, and medical costs. Recommended risk controls include occupational health and safety (OHS) training, safety audits, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), implementation of JSA, and adoption of appropriate construction methods to reduce work accident risk.