Nata Palemahan: Journal of Environmental Engineering Innovations

A Study on the Polymorphism of Adalia bipunctata Ladybird in Maymana City, Faryab Province, Afghanistan

2025-08-15T01:33:48+00:00

This research was conducted in the year 1400 (2021) in Maymana city, the center of Faryab province in northern Afghanistan. The sampling area was located within the geographic coordinates of 35°53'25.8" to 35°54'46.3" N latitude and 64°44'11.6" to 64°49'15.7" E longitude. Lady beetles (Col.: Coccinellidae), with more than six thousand described species worldwide, are considered important natural enemies of agricultural pests and play a significant role in the biological control of pests such as aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, and plant mites. Despite the considerable climatic and botanical diversity in Afghanistan, available information about the lady beetle fauna of the country is limited. Faryab province, with Maymana as its center, is one of Afghanistan’s important agricultural regions. Considering the ecological importance of lady beetles in biological pest control, this study aimed to investigate the polymorphism of the species Adalia bipunctata in this area. The study was carried out during spring and summer of 1400 (2021), with sampling conducted on cultivated hosts such as peach, pear, and rose, as well as on non-cultivated plants and weeds. Three collection methods were used: insect netting, manual collection, and shaking the host plant onto a white plastic tray. Collected adult insects were preserved either in 70% ethanol or by killing and drying. Identification of specimens was performed using morphological features and examination of the male external genitalia. Different morphs of Adalia bipunctata were distinguished based on morphological traits such as the number, size, and pattern of elytral spots, as well as the color of the elytra and pronotum. Overall, two major morphs and several minor morphs of this species were identified and classified into seven categories.

Analisis Timbulan dan Komposisi Sampah Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kota Mataram

2025-06-16T05:30:10+00:00

Sekolah tempat berkumpulnya banyak orang dapat menjadi penghasil sampah yang besar, selain pasar, rumah tangga, industri, dan perkantoran. Di Kota Mataram jumlah Sekolah SD Sederajat berjumlah 177 sekolah. Tidak menutup kemungkinan jumlah timbulan dan komposisi sampah yang akan dihasilkan signifikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis berapa timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan, menganalisis komposisi sampah apa saja yang ada di lingkungan sekolah, serta untuk mengetahui teknologi pengelolaan sampah Sekolah Dasar (SD) di Kota Mataram. Metode pengambilan data timbulan dan komposisi sampah menggunakan pengukuran langsung di lapangan mengacu SNI 19-3964-1994 tentang metode pengambilan dan pengukuran timbulan dan komposisi sampah. Untuk data kualitatif menggunakan wawancara ke pengelola sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil pengambilan data timbulan dan komposisi sampah SD di Kota Mataram volume rata-rata sampah yang dihasilkan per orang adalah 0,17 liter/orang/hari dengan berat 0,04 kg/orang/hari. Komposisi sampah rata-rata yaitu plastik sebesar 42,71%, di ikuti dengan jenis sampah organik 42,30%, kertas 8,95%, sampah lainya 3,51%, sampah tekstil (kain) 1,49%, sampah logam 0,49%, sampah kaca 0,36% dan untuk jenis sampah terendah yakni, jenis sampah karet sebesar 0,20%. Pengelolaan sampah atau teknologi yang tepat untuk Sekolah Dasar dan Sederajat yang ada di Kota Mataram adalah dengan konsep Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle sebagai pembelajar bagi siswa.

Comparative Analysis of Aluminum and Iron Electrode Performance in Electrocoagulation for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

2025-08-26T23:32:19+00:00

This study presents a comparative analysis of electrocoagulation for industrial wastewater treatment, evaluating the performance of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes. The research combines a systematic literature review with experimental trials on a pilot-scale system. Experimental data for Al electrodes revealed inconsistent performance, showing a significant COD reduction at high pollutant concentrations but a paradoxical increase at low concentrations. This increase is attributed to the formation of soluble organic complexes. Conversely, experimental trials with Fe electrodes demonstrated consistent COD reduction across a range of influent concentrations. Fe electrodes successfully reduced COD by 1010 mg/L (from 2660 mg/L) and 790 mg/L (from 3220 mg/L) on two separate days, confirming their superior stability. These findings validate the theoretical advantages of Fe over Al electrodes and underscore the importance of selecting electrodes based on wastewater characteristics. The study concludes that Fe electrodes provide a more reliable and stable solution for treating fluctuating industrial wastewater.

A Blockchain-Based Framework for Secure and Transparent Environmental Data Sharing in Smart Cities: Enhancing Trust, Integrity, and Interoperability in Urban Sustainability Systems

2025-09-08T02:40:44+00:00

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative tool to address critical challenges in environmental data management within smart cities, particularly enhancing trust, data integrity, and interoperability. This systematic literature review aims to analyze how blockchain frameworks support secure and transparent environmental data sharing for sustainable urban development. The study involved a comprehensive search of multiple academic databases, including IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and MDPI, covering publications from 2019 to 2025. A total of 23 relevant papers were selected and critically examined. The results reveal that blockchain-based solutions often integrate with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and digital twins to improve data validation, governance, and real-time analytics. Key innovations include decentralized trust frameworks, smart contract governance, and interoperability models like Blockchain-of-Blockchains. Despite these advancements, challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, and lack of standardization persist. The review concludes that while blockchain offers a robust foundation for secure and interoperable environmental data systems in smart cities, ongoing research and collaboration are essential to overcome current limitations and achieve sustainable, transparent urban ecosystems.